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A pharmacist plays an important role in the healthcare team to dispense medications to patients and ensure they are used in the safest and most effective way. They are responsible for checking that the doses are safe, and that there are no potential drug interactions that could have adverse effects for the patient. Additionally, they may be involved with health […]
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Blisters, corns and calluses are all fairly common conditions that affect the skin anywhere on the body. Blister and corns develop most commonly over the skin of the hands and feet, while calluses occur mostly on the feet. Blisters Blisters form when the epidermis (outermost layer) of the skin becomes damaged and fluid flows in to protect the lower layers […]
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Adipocytes can be converted into mesenchymal stem cells, which can then be converted into megakaryocytes. These megakaryocytes can be used to produce platelets, which may be a source of safer platelet transfusions. What are adipocytes? Adipocytes are specialized cells that store energy as fat, they are mainly comprised of adipose tissues. Adipocytes differentiate from mesenchymal stem cells; thus, they are […]
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Skip to: Astrocytes Oligodendrocytes and NG2 Cells Microglia Other Functions Summary Glial cells are non-neuronal cells found within the brain and the rest of the nervous system. There are approximately 60 billion glia to 16 billion neurons within the cortex, but only 16 billion glia to 69 billion neurons in the cerebellum. Overall, there are roughly the same number of […]
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Skip to: What is arthritis? The severity and prevalence of arthritis related to age Psoriatic arthritis Rheumatoid nodules and vasculitis Arthritis is a condition of joint inflammation. Several types of arthritis exist, with some involving the skin, immune system, and blood vessels. What is arthritis? Arthritis is a term used for inflammation of the joints, the tissues surrounding the […]
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A growing pool of evidence suggests that Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) may share common pathological mechanisms, and that the presence of T2DM increases the risk of developing PD by 40%. Measuring blood sugar level. Image Credit: Neirfy / Shutterstock How is T2DM Connected to PD? PD, the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer’s disease, […]
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Skip to: What is botulism? How is botulism is diagnosed? How is botulism treated? What are the preventive measures? Botulism is a rare but fatal disease caused by botulinum toxins released from Clostridium botulinum bacteria. Botulism is categorized into five different forms: foodborne botulism, wound botulism, infant botulism, inhalation botulism, and iatrogenic botulism. Clostridium botulinum gram stain. Image Credit: Patiyurh […]
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Hanukkah, or Chanukah, is soon upon us, and while kids who celebrate are well aware this means lots of gifts, they may not be familiar with the fascinating story behind how the holiday came to be — and the symbolism that dates back thousands of years. Check out these crazy facts about Hanukkah that kids may not already know, plus […]
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Caring for a patient with sepsis requires walking a treatment tightrope. Clinicians must identify the pathogen that is causing a patient’s infection, carefully monitor the patient’s response to antibiotics and supportive measures and race against the clock to prevent potential organ failure and death. Most of the time, physicians can control the infection itself. What ultimately leads to multi-organ system […]
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Mealtimes can become a difficult experience for individuals with diabetes. After a meal, blood sugar levels may soar as the food digests or unexpectedly plummet if an insulin dose was more than the meal required. The Endocrine Society convened a panel of diabetes experts to examine how advances in medications, lifestyle changes and technologies can help manage the challenges associated […]
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