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The causes of social anxiety are extremely complex and difficult to identify for the psychologist; what may seem like a cause could actually be only a contributing factor. The factors responsible for social anxiety are broadly classified as: Biological causes Environmental causes Life experiences Image Credit: Luis Molinero / Shutterstock Biological Causes Family History: Anxiety disorders are known to run […]
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Retinoblastomas are malignant tumors that occur mostly in children below 5 years of age. One of three tumors is bilateral. About 250-350 new cases are diagnosed each year in the US. Thus they make up about 4% of all tumors in childhood. Children with bilateral retinoblastoma (as occurs in 40% of cases) are diagnosed at a mean age of 15 […]
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Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of function. With approximately 10 million people living with PD worldwide, it is one of the most commonly occurring neurodegenerative diseases. The majority of individuals with PD are older than 50 with only 4% being diagnosed at an earlier stage in life. A decrease in dopamine is commonly […]
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Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) occurs due to the long-term damage caused by diabetes to the kidneys. In severe cases, this leads to kidney failure that requires dialysis, which is the clinical purification of blood to artificially substitute for normal kidney function. It is expensive and requires many lifestyle changes like dietary alterations, but a relatively normal life in terms of […]
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By Jeyashree Sundaram (MBA) Angiosarcoma patients are mostly diagnosed after the tumor has spread all over the body and this type of late identification may result in a poor prognosis. According to various studies, improved prognosis is achieved when patients have smaller tumors that can be easily removed from the body. Better prognosis is usually seen in low-grade breast angiosarcoma. […]
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Many local and systemic diseases reflect in nail abnormalities. Among these, nail discolorations are prominent. They may range from white to green. Leukonychia is a term which refers to the white discoloration of the nails. It is derived from the Greek words “leukos” and “onyx”, which mean “white” and “nail”, respectively. Fingernails closeup with the condition called leukonychia, white lines […]
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Many women experience some degree of anxiety during their pregnancies or immediately afterwards. This may be directed towards the gestation itself, including labor and delivery, or it may be more generalized. Anxiety during pregnancy is termed prenatal anxiety, while it is called postnatal anxiety if it occurs in the period from delivery to one year postpartum. Prenatal Anxiety Approximately 85% […]
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The syndrome which is commonly referred to as cot death, is medically termed the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). It is the name given to the sudden death of a child less than 12 months old without a clear cause. In order to be diagnosed as SIDS, a thorough investigation of the death with an autopsy and other methods must […]
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Leprosy is a chronic granulomatous infection. It is caused by the slow-growing organism Mycobacterium leprae, which is an obligate intracellular parasite. It affects chiefly the skin and peripheral nerves. Leprosy has a wide range of clinical manifestations, which depend upon the host immune response more than the virulence or multiplication rate of the bacillus. It has a long incubation […]
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an inflammatory condition characterized by difficulty in breathing, wheezing, and abnormal sputum production. Image Credit: Freedomz / Shutterstock COPD occurs when there is obstruction of airflow to the lungs. Individuals with COPD are at an increased risk of developing other pulmonary conditions such as bronchitis and emphysema, and are vulnerable to several cardiac problems. […]
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