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Cushing's Syndrome (sometimes called hypercortisolism) is a hormonal disease caused by an abnormally high level of the hormone cortisol in the body. This may arise because of an endogenous or exogenous source of cortisol. Endogenous causes include the elevated production of cortisol by the adrenal glands, while exogenous causes include the excessive use of cortisol or other similar steroid (glucocorticoid) […]
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Newborn screening refers to the screening of blood samples taken from newborn infants to test for genetic and metabolic disorders that can become life threatening or cause impaired growth and development later in life. The main goal of this type of screening is to begin early treatment if a disorder is present in order to minimize or prevent any serious […]
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The lymphatic system is made up of a network of lymph vessels and lymph nodes across the body. As lymphatic fluid flows through the lymph tissue, harmful or unnecessary substances such as pathogens, damaged cells or cancer cells are filtered out. The lymphatic fluid is rich in white blood cells or lymphocytes which are responsible for fighting infection and disease. […]
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Breast reconstruction is a form of surgery performed on women who undergo a mastectomy to have part or whole of their breast removed, usually to reduce their risk for breast cancer. Breast reconstruction involves restoring the breast's original shape and size as well as sometimes recreating the nipple and surrounding areola. Breast reconstruction is carried out by a cosmetic or […]
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A kidney transplant is needed in persons who have end stage renal disease with 90% of their kidneys not functioning adequately to remove the waste products from the body. The patients are put on a waiting list for a donor kidney. As soon as a suitable donor kidney is found, the transplant centre will contact the patient who is maintained […]
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Curcumin is a component of the Indian spice turmeric (Curcumin longa), a type of ginger. Curcumin is one of three curcuminoids present in turmeric, the other two being desmethoxycurcumin and bis-desmethoxycurcumin. These curcuminoids give turmeric its yellow color and curcumin is used as a yellow food colorant and food additive. Curcumin is obtained from the dried rhizome of the turmeric […]
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Prostate cancer is the sixth most common cause of cancer death in men worldwide. As a generally slow growing cancer, an important focus of prostate cancer research is early detection of the condition so that it can be treated promptly and effectively. Other important aspects of prostate cancer research include prevention and effective treatment. Some of the main areas of […]
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Throughout wakefulness and sleep, the electrical activity of the brain changes and creates different types of brain waves, characterizing the various stages of sleep. There are two broad stages of sleep: rapid eye movement (REM) and non-rapid eye movement (NREM), which is further broken up into three stages. Each of these sleep stages is described in more detail below. Stage […]
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Exotosis, commonly known as surfer’s ear, is a condition that involves abnormal bone formation in the canal of the ear. Over time this obstruction can grow to block the canal and lead to hearing impairment. It gets its name from the high number of surfers and swimmers that are affected by surfer’s ear. The cold water and windy conditions associated […]
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Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a broad group of lung diseases comprising of more than a hundred distinct disorders. All of these involve scarring or inflammation of the interstitial lung tissue and affect the volume of oxygen that can reach the bloodstream via the respiratory system. They can be classified into different types, according to the cause of the disease, […]
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