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Nicotine and its association with several mental health disorders including schizophrenia is a widely studied area. The association, however, is not clearly understood. Studies have been carried out to isolate the nicotine metabolites present in both animal and human brains, but particularly in people with schizophrenia. Cognitive effects Certain studies have shown that nicotine could help improve the cognitive deficits […]
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Liver transplantation is a major operation that involves removal of a damaged or diseased liver from the body and replacing it with a healthy one from a donor. 1-7 Why is the liver important in the body? The liver is one of the largest organs of the body and is considered akin to a factory in the body as it […]
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Galactosemia is a rare genetic disorder in which galactose cannot be converted to glucose and instead accumulates in the blood. If infants born with this condition are left untreated, they die in 75% of cases. Babies are screened for galactosemia at birth as part of routine newborn screening and this is usually how the disease is detected. The condition is […]
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There is no specific treatment for acute pancreatitis but the condition usually resolves independently within seven days. While a patient is recovering, they are carefully monitored for signs of any complications and provided with fluid and oxygen. If complications do occur, further additional treatment may be required and recovery may be significantly extended. An outline of the usual treatment approaches […]
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The symptoms of the condition primarily involve aesthetic effects to either finger or toe nails. They can vary widely depending on the severity of the infection and the time it has been left untreated. There is no pain associated with the condition in most cases, however if it is left untreated it may develop. Additionally, some people may experience related […]
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Staphylococcus aureus can infect in a variety of ways leading to diverse manifestations. In addition, many humans carry strains of this bacteria on their skin, nose and pharynx as harmless commensal bacteria. This makes diagnosis of S. aureus from an infection difficult. Strains of S. aureus are known to enter through the breaks in the skin to cause localized infections […]
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A pulmonary embolism (PE) is a potentially fatal blockage of an artery in the lungs. The nature of the blockage is typically a blood clot, fat agglomeration, bubble of gas, or a piece of foreign material, known as an embolus. When an artery is blocked, blood ceases to be able to pass by the occlusion. This prevents oxygen from reaching […]
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Gene therapy is a form of therapy that involves inserting one or more corrective genes that have been designed in the laboratory, into the genetic material of a patient's cells to cure a genetic disease. The expression of the new gene or genes can then alter the DNA or RNA transcript used to synthesis proteins and therefore correct the disease. […]
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Gene therapy is a form of therapy that involves inserting one or more corrective genes that have been designed in the laboratory, into the genetic material of a patient's cells to cure a genetic disease. The expression of the new gene or genes can then alter the DNA or RNA transcript used to synthesis proteins and therefore correct the disease. […]
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Valproic acid is a useful medication that is indicated for several health conditions but may lead to significant side effects in some individuals. There are a large number of possible adverse effects that have an impact on many different organs and systems in the body. Severe Effects In some cases, individuals may be allergic to valproic acid, leading to a […]
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