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Hemophilia is a rare inherited bleeding disorder where the blood fails to clot normally due to a lack of blood clotting proteins (clotting factors). The condition leads to spontaneous bleeding and bleeding after surgery or injuries. While small cuts are not so much of a concern, internal bleeding that can damage organs and tissues in the body can be dangerous […]
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Vaccines help the body remember a microorganism to be able to fight it off when the need comes. However, vaccines are not fool proof and do not guarantee complete protection from a disease. This could be due to various reasons. Sometimes this is because the host's immune system simply doesn't respond adequately or at all. This could be in diseased […]
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Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a skin condition that involves abnormal growth of the squamous cells, although the changes may be subtle at first. Many patients that present with the condition have a long history of a lesion that fails to heal, although they didn’t associate it as being a sign of a serious health condition. The signs and symptoms […]
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Friedreich's ataxia is a hereditary disorder that leads to progressive and irreversible damage to the nervous system. Initial signs of the condition include problems with balance, speech and coordination and the illness can eventually lead to curvature of the spine, cardiac problems and diabetes. Friedreich's ataxia was first described by a German physician Nicholaus Friedreich in 1863, after whom the […]
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Retinoic acid has a protective action on the epithelium. Its derivatives are highly effective in treating and preventing ultraviolet-induced damage to the skin following exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Ultraviolet rays act through many mechanisms to damage exposed skin. One chief route is by inducing the AP-1 transcription factor, a protein which stimulates the expression of protein-degrading enzymes called matrix metalloproteinases […]
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Diagnosis of adenocarcinoma usually requires examination of the tissues under the microscope. Since adenocarcinoma occurs from the epithelial tissues, they can affect a wide range of organs. After taking a biopsy or sample of the cancer tissue, it is sliced into microscopically thin slices or wafers. These are then fixed onto a glass slide and stained using special dyes. The […]
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It is important to be able to identify symptoms that may be indicative of a urinary tract infection to aid in the early diagnosis and timely treatment of the condition. The severity of the symptoms depends on whether it affects the upper or lower part of the urinary tract, the kidneys or the bladder respectively. Some specific populations, such as […]
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Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is sudden, catastrophic bleeding that occurs in the brain tissue or ventricles. It usually results from damage to blood vessels due to hypertension. Symptoms are often sudden and severe. Loss of consciousness, vomiting, and headache are all common, but milder presentations are also possible, resembling ischemic stroke. Causes of ICH include: Rupture of an aneurysm – when […]
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A pregnancy that results in the formation of a hydatidiform mole is referred to as a molar pregnancy. A hydatidiform mole is a rapidly growing mass of vesicular tissue inside the uterus without the formation of a viable fetus. It is produced by an abnormal conception, resulting from a chromosomal anomaly. A hydatidiform mole is known as gestational trophoblastic disease […]
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Ribavirin is an antiviral agent used in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection that also shows activity against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). In the United States, ribavirin is FDA-approved and marketed as inhalation solution for treating of RSV infection, and as oral capsule and tablet for the treatment of hepatitis C virus infection. Ribavirin for intravenous administration is […]
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