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Also termed caries, tooth decay refers to the destruction of the hard white enamel on the surface of teeth that protects the inner pulp and nerves inside from the elements. This causes exposure of the inner nerves to hot and cold food or drink which leads to pain. Causes of tooth decay One of the most common causes of tooth […]
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Informed consent may be defined as the process whereby a patient is provided with sufficient and accurate information about the benefits and risks of a proposed course of therapy or procedure, to equip such individuals with the knowledge as a basis on which they have a right to reject or accept therapy. In more direct terms, informed consent is formulated […]
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The exact cause and pathology of rosacea is not known. However, there are several trigger factors and pathological processes that have been associated with aggravation of rosacea symptoms. Some of these include: Helicobacter pylori infection High blood pressure Menopause Exposure to hot or cold weather Consuming spicy food or hot drinks One significant trigger of rosacea symptoms is sun exposure, […]
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Metatarsalgia is a common foot condition that involves pain in the forefoot, usually arising following significant stress and injury to the head of the metatarsals. Foot Physiology The weight of the body is naturally transferred to the feet when standing and there is a transfer of force between the feet and the ground during simple movements such as walking. The […]
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Earwax, also known among medical professionals as cerumen, is a substance that plays a functional role inside the ear canal. It helps to protect the ear by trapping dirt before entering the canal and repelling water. As more wax is produced, the existing cerumen usually falls out of the ear naturally. Earwax on a sewing needle tip. Nickel_Bell / Shutterstock […]
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Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE) is a condition with symptoms that vary in severity. Both stable and unstable SCFE are heralded by nonspecific pain in the groin and hip, or, more confusingly, in the knee or thigh, for as much as several weeks prior to the actual slippage. Early diagnosis is important in order to improve the outcome. However, the […]
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Survival rates are estimated and used as a way of explaining to cancer patients what their prognosis is. Survival statistics can help a patient understand how long they may survive after they are diagnosed with cancer. While this may give hope to some patients, others may find survival estimates unhelpful and may not even want to hear them. When dealing […]
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Renal function tests are performed to evaluate how well the kidneys are doing their job of filtering out nitrogenous waste from the blood. They involve the measurement of various substances in both blood and urine in order to estimate the filtering efficiency of the kidneys. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) rarely produces any symptoms, until the critical kidney reserve is passed […]
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A febrile seizure is a convulsion that can occur when a child has a fever, usually as a result of infection. The seizure often occurs during the first day of a fever, which is defined as a temperature of 101˚F (38˚C) or above. In some cases, a child may not have a fever when the seizure occurs, but develops one […]
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The treatment decision for kidney stones is based on the stone type, severity of the condition, and duration of the symptoms in patients. Though plenty of treatment options are available, the procedure that best suits an individual should be discussed to help improving efficacy of treatment and patient outcomes. Non-Surgical Procedure A waiting period of about 4–6 weeks is considered […]
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