To detect new odors, fruit fly brains improve on a well-known computer algorithm

It might seem like fruit flies would have nothing in common with computers, but new research from the Salk Institute reveals that the two identify novel information in similar ways. The work, which appeared in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) on December 3, 2018, not only sheds light on an important neurobiological problem—how organisms detect new odors—but […]

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Discovery may lead to safer drugs to save more women in childbirth

Postpartum hemorrhaging is the world’s leading cause of death for women during and after childbirth, and the third-leading cause in the United States alone. Many doctors in developing countries have turned to the drug misoprostol to save more women from deadly bleeding. Misoprostol, although affordable, has dangerous side effects, including uterine cramping, heart attack, toxicity in the brain and spinal […]

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In vitro cell culture findings could lead to novel interventions for schizophrenia

A study recently published in Translational Psychiatry, a Nature journal, has shown how using cultured cells from patients with psychotic disorders, such as schizophrenia, to investigate abnormalities in nerve connections in the brain could lead to new treatments. Strong correlations were observed between the findings in the cells in culture—grown outside the body in a controlled environment—and findings from brain […]

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Understanding Down syndrome opens door to Alzheimer’s prevention trials

Clinical trials for preventing Alzheimer’s disease in people with Down syndrome may soon be possible thanks to new research from King’s College London. The researchers found changes in memory and attention are the earliest signs of Alzheimer’s in Down syndrome, and these changes start in the early 40s. People with Down syndrome have an extremely high risk of developing Alzheimer’s […]

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Why screen time can disrupt sleep—scientists uncover how certain retinal cells respond to artificial illumination

For most, the time spent staring at screens—on computers, phones, iPads—constitutes many hours and can often disrupt sleep. Now, Salk Institute researchers have pinpointed how certain cells in the eye process ambient light and reset our internal clocks, the daily cycles of physiological processes known as the circadian rhythm. When these cells are exposed to artificial light late into the […]

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Proteins cooperate to break up energy structures in oxygen starved heart cells

During a heart attack, the supply of oxygen to heart cells is decreased. This reduced oxygen level, called hypoxia, causes the cell’s powerhouses, the mitochondria, to fragment, impairing cell function and leading to heart failure. Until now, few details have been known about how this process occurs. Researchers at the National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Japan, have revealed how filamin […]

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