Non-replicating vaccines are based on recombinant viral vectors that are made replication non-competent, meaning that these vectors are sufficient to induce host immune responses but cannot replicate inside host cells. Image Credit: LookerStudio/Shutterstock.com In addition, RNA-based vaccines that involve mRNA sequences for coding pathogen-specific proteins (antigens) inside host cells can be generated using non-replicating mRNAs. What are non-replicating vaccines? In […]

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