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Three main factors contribute to how much radiation a person absorbs from a source. The following factors can be controlled to minimize exposure to radiation. Increasing distance from the source of radiation The intensity of radiation falls sharply with greater distance, as per the inverse square law. Increasing the distance of an individual from the source of radiation can therefore […]
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Health inequality refers to the differences in healthcare provision between two or more demographic groups despite them having comparative access to healthcare services. Examples of these differences include higher death rates among those from lower occupational classes compared with those from higher classes and a greater likelihood of people from ethnic minorities being diagnosed with a mental health condition. In […]
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The diagnosis of hyponatremia involves assessing levels of sodium in the blood. A healthy sodium level is between 135 and 145 mmol/l and a person is considered to be hyponatremic if the level falls to below 135 mmol/l. The hyponatremia is considered severe if this level falls to below 125 mmol/l. While evaluating a patient, a doctor will also try […]
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The spirochete bacterium Leptospira is a very common disease-causing microorganism for both humans and animals. It can be an occupational or recreational hazard for those who come into frequent contact with the urine or urine-contaminated media (e.g., water, food, and soil) of infected animals. Rodents play an imperative role in the spread of the disease. Leptospires gain entry into the […]
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Lissencephaly (colloquially known as smooth brain) is a rare developmental disorder of the brain cortex due to impaired neuronal migration between the 3rd and 4th months of human gestation. The condition can appear isolated or associated with diverse phenotypes such as Miller-Dieker or Walker-Warburg syndrome. A good knowledge of the normal ultrasonographic and magnetic resonance imaging appearance of the cerebral […]
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Pressure ulcers occur in patients who are immobile for a long period or suffer a sustained pressure over an area of skin for a stretch of time. These are difficult to diagnose early and notoriously challenging to treat. The ulcers begin as a reddish or dark discoloration of the affected skin. This phase is called Stage I of the ulcer. […]
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Hypophosphatasia is a rare, inherited and sometimes fatal metabolic disorder that affects the bones and teeth. The condition disrupts mineralization, where calcium and phosphorus are deposited in bones and teeth. This process is critical to ensuring that bones are strong and teeth are able to withstand grinding and chewing. The clinical signs and symptoms of hypophosphatasia are heterogeneous, varying widely […]
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Vulvar cancer is a relatively less common type of cancer affecting the external female genitalia. The cancer commonly is of the squamous cell variety and affects the labia majora or minora. Common symptoms of vulvar cancer The common symptom of vulvar cancer is a continuous itch. Distinctive symptoms of vulvar cancer Some of the other more distinctive symptoms of the […]
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Ménière's disease is a disorder that affects the inner part of the ear. It leads to symptoms of: Dizziness tinnitus or ringing in the ears nausea vomiting jerky movements of the eyes loss of hearing Patients often also complain of a feeling of pressure in their ears. The disease manifests itself in attacks that may appear suddenly and without warning. […]
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Iodine is a nonmetallic basic element and an essential mineral for the human body. It is pivotal in the synthesis of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), and hence essential for normal function of the thyroid gland. Radioiodine represents a radioactive form of iodine most often used in the treatment of thyroid diseases. Radioiodine isotopes originate in fission and […]
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